⚒️ Steel & Blacksmithing Guide

Stock dimensions and weight for forge work

Steel Stock Basics

Unlike lumber, steel stock is typically sized at its actual dimension. A "1/2 inch round" actually measures 0.500" in diameter. However, blacksmiths need to account for material loss during forging.

Forging Loss: Expect 5-10% material loss due to scale (oxidation) during heating. Heavy forging with multiple heats increases this loss.

Data Sources

All steel stock dimensions and specifications are sourced from:
ASTM A36: Carbon Structural Steel
ASTM A500: Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing
American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI): Standard steel bar specifications
Material Density References: Published density and weight tables for mild steel

Steel Weight Constant

Mild steel weighs approximately 0.283 lbs per cubic inch. This constant is useful for calculating the weight of any steel shape:

Weight = Cross-section area (sq in) x Length (in) x 0.283

Stock Types

  • Round: Best for handles, hooks, rings, and turning
  • Square: Ideal for twisting, scrollwork, and decorative elements
  • Flat: Knife blanks, hinges, brackets, and tools
  • Angle: Frames, brackets, and structural work

Common Steel Grades

GradeCarbon %Use Case
1018 (Mild)0.18%Decorative work, practice
1045 (Medium)0.45%Tools, can be hardened
1075/10840.75-0.84%Knives, springs, blades
W1/W2~1.0%Chisels, punches, dies

Complete Steel Reference

NominalActualWeight/ftType
1/4" Round0.250" diameter0.17 lbsSteel Round Stock
3/8" Round0.375" diameter0.38 lbsSteel Round Stock
1/2" Round0.500" diameter0.67 lbsSteel Round Stock
5/8" Round0.625" diameter1.04 lbsSteel Round Stock
3/4" Round0.750" diameter1.50 lbsSteel Round Stock
1" Round1.000" diameter2.67 lbsSteel Round Stock
1/4" Square0.250" x 0.250"0.21 lbsSteel Square Stock
3/8" Square0.375" x 0.375"0.48 lbsSteel Square Stock
1/2" Square0.500" x 0.500"0.85 lbsSteel Square Stock
3/4" Square0.750" x 0.750"1.91 lbsSteel Square Stock
1" Square1.000" x 1.000"3.40 lbsSteel Square Stock
1/8" x 1" Flat0.125" x 1.000"0.42 lbsSteel Flat Stock
1/4" x 1" Flat0.250" x 1.000"0.85 lbsSteel Flat Stock
1/4" x 2" Flat0.250" x 2.000"1.70 lbsSteel Flat Stock
3/8" x 1-1/2" Flat0.375" x 1.500"1.91 lbsSteel Flat Stock
1" x 1" x 1/8" Angle1" x 1" x 1/8"0.80 lbsSteel Angle Iron
1-1/2" x 1-1/2" x 1/8" Angle1-1/2" x 1-1/2" x 1/8"1.23 lbsSteel Angle Iron
2" x 2" x 1/4" Angle2" x 2" x 1/4"3.19 lbsSteel Angle Iron

Pro Tip: When ordering steel for a project, add 15-20% extra length to account for scale loss, test pieces, and the inevitable "oops" during forging.

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